Ultrarestrictive intraoperative intravenous fluids during pancreatoduodenectomy is not associated with an increase in post-operative acute kidney injury

Am J Surg. 2020 Aug;220(2):264-269. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.03.021. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Abstract

Background: The amount of IV fluids sufficient to prevent post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI) during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is unknown. We assessed the restrictive IOIVF use in PD on the rate of post-operative AKI, delayed gastric emptying and ileus, and pancreatic fistulas (POPF).

Methods: Patients who underwent PD between 2012 and 2017 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses looked for association between pre- and intra-operative factors on AKI, ileus and POPF.

Results: Of 395 included patients, 97, 172, and 126 patients received less than 1000 mL (ultra-restrictive), 1000 mL to less than 2000 mL (restrictive), and 2000 mL and greater (nonrestrictive) normalized total IOIVF respectively. Of these 23 (24.2%), 34(20.4%), and 21(17.4%) developed AKI respectively, most of them mild. There was no difference in odds of developing AKI, ileus, or pancreatic fistula among fluid groups. While there was no difference in Clavien-Dindo III-IV complications, the incidence of Clavien-Dindo type I-II complications was lower in the restricted fluid groups.

Discussion: Restricted fluids did not lead to higher AKI rates but were associated with fewer low-grade complications.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Pancreas surgery; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Pancreatoduodenectomy; Whipple.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury / epidemiology*
  • Acute Kidney Injury / prevention & control
  • Female
  • Fluid Therapy / statistics & numerical data*
  • Gastric Emptying
  • Humans
  • Ileus / epidemiology
  • Ileus / prevention & control
  • Infusions, Intravenous
  • Intraoperative Care
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pancreatic Fistula / epidemiology
  • Pancreatic Fistula / prevention & control
  • Pancreaticoduodenectomy*
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology*
  • Postoperative Complications / prevention & control