Integration of Binary Active Sites: Co₃ V₂ O₈ as Polysulfide Traps and Catalysts for Lithium-Sulfur Battery with Superior Cycling Stability

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries as a promising energy storage candidate have attracted attention due to their high energy density (2600 Wh kg^-1 ). However, the serious shuttle effect caused by the dissolution of the lithium polysulfides (LiPS) in electrolyte significantly degrades their cycling life and rate performance. Herein, the "binary active sites" concept in a Li-S battery system via the design of a cobalt vanadium oxide (CVO) modified multifunctional separator is designed. In the case of CVO, active vanadium sites simultaneously anchor the LiPS through the chemical affinity and active cobalt sites can dominate a rapid kinetic conversion. Such a synergistic effect contributes to improving the utilization of sulfur in the electrochemical process for the enhanced electrochemical performance. As a result, the Li-S battery with the CVO modified separator possesses a high reversible capacity of 1585.5 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 C and superior cycling stability with 0.012% capacity decay cycle^-1 after 3000 cycles. More impressively, the assembled soft-packaged Li-S devices can exhibit the excellent stability under bending states. This binary active sites strategy provides a route to design the functional materials for modifying separators of Li-S batteries to improve the performance.