Kidney function and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese cats

Vet Q. 2020 Dec;40(1):132-139. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1759844.

Abstract

Background: In people, obesity and prediabetes mellitus might predispose to chronic kidney disease (CKD).Aims: To assess the association of overweight [Body condition score (BCS) >5] and glucose metabolism alterations, with established or potential markers of CKD. In addition, fructosamine and fasted blood glucose were compared as predictors of early abnormal glucose metabolism.Methods: 54 clinically healthy cats were included in a cross-sectional study comprising 25 neutered males and 29 (28 neutered) females aged 7.2 (5.5-9.4) years. Two potential markers of CKD, namely urinary free active transforming growth factor-β1-creatinine ratio and urinary retinol binding protein-creatinine ratio were measured along with other parameters to assess CKD. A receiver operating curve was used to identify the best sensitivity and specificity of fructosamine to identify cats with fasting glucose >6.5 mmol/L.Results: No association was found between BCS and markers of CKD. Fructosamine was greater in cats with fasting glucose >6.5 mmol/L compared to those with fasting glucose ≤6.5 mmol/L. A fructosamine concentration ≥250 µmol/L was able to detect cats with hyperglycemia with a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 65%. Furthermore, fructosamine was more strongly correlated with fasting glucose than albumin-corrected fructosamine (r = 0.43, p = 0.002 vs r = 0.32, p = 0.026). Cats with higher fructosamine had lower serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations.Conclusion: The present study does not suggest an effect of obesity on renal function in domestic cats.Clinical relevance: Fructosamine might be of value for the diagnosis of prediabetes mellitus in cats.

Keywords: Cat; active transforming growth factor-β1; diabetes mellitus; feline; fructosamine; metabolic syndrome; nephropathy; obesity; retinol biding protein; symmetric dimethyl arginine.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Biomarkers / urine
  • Blood Glucose
  • Cat Diseases / blood*
  • Cat Diseases / etiology*
  • Cat Diseases / urine
  • Cats
  • Creatinine / urine
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Fructosamine / blood*
  • Kidney Function Tests
  • Male
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / veterinary*
  • Overweight
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / blood
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / complications
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / veterinary*
  • Risk Factors
  • Spain

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Blood Glucose
  • Fructosamine
  • Creatinine

Grants and funding

Idexx laboratories supported SDMA, fructosamine, triglycerides and cholesterol measurements. In addition, a grant was received from Consejo Social of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria to measure other renal biomarkes (uRBP:Cr, uaTGFB1:Cr, UPC); and the study was performed during a pre-doctoral fellowship (LP-L) granted by the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.