Therapeutic DNA vaccine attenuates itching and allergic inflammation in mice with established biting midge allergy

PLoS One. 2020 Apr 23;15(4):e0232042. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232042. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Forcipomyia taiwana is a tiny hematophagous midge that attacks en masse. It is responsible for the most prevalent biting insect allergy in Taiwan. For t 2 is its major allergen. The intense itchy reactions can prevent allergic individuals from performing their regular daily outdoor activities. This study aimed to investigate whether the For t 2 DNA vaccine was effective in treating mice with established biting midge allergy. Mice were sensitized with recombinant For t 2 proteins or whole midge extracts. Two to four consecutive shots of various concentrations of For t 2 DNA vaccine, with or without CpG adjuvants, were then administered to midge-sensitized mice. Mice that received two shots of 50-100 μg For t 2 DNA vaccine showed a significant reduction in allergen-induced bouts of scratching, For t 2-specific IgE, specific IgG1/IgG2a ratio in sera, skin eosinophil infiltration, and IL-31 production, as well as IL-4 and IL-13 production by splenocytes. Two doses of For t 2 DNA vaccine one week apart was sufficient to treat mice with established biting midge allergy. The treatment resulted in clinical, immunological, and histopathological improvements. We recommend that this low-cost, convenient treatment strategy be developed for use in humans who are allergic to biting midges.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ceratopogonidae / immunology*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Freund's Adjuvant / administration & dosage
  • Freund's Adjuvant / immunology
  • Hypersensitivity / drug therapy*
  • Hypersensitivity / etiology
  • Hypersensitivity / immunology
  • Immunoglobulin E / blood
  • Insect Bites and Stings / drug therapy*
  • Insect Bites and Stings / immunology
  • Insect Proteins / genetics*
  • Insect Proteins / immunology
  • Interleukin-13 / metabolism
  • Interleukin-4 / metabolism
  • Interleukins / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Pruritus / drug therapy*
  • Pruritus / immunology
  • Taiwan
  • Vaccines, DNA / administration & dosage*
  • Vaccines, DNA / immunology

Substances

  • Insect Proteins
  • Interleukin-13
  • Interleukins
  • Vaccines, DNA
  • interleukin-31, mouse
  • Interleukin-4
  • Immunoglobulin E
  • Freund's Adjuvant

Grants and funding

This study was supported by grants from the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (grant nos. MOST-105-2321-B-010-017 and MOST-106-2321-B-010-013). The URL of the funder is www.most.gov.tw. The funder did not participate the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish and preparation of the manuscript.