Objective: To examine the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive coronary surgery-coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS-CABG). Methods: From the first case in November 2015 to November 2019, a total of 244 cases of MICS-CABG were performed in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital. There were 197 males and 47 females, aging (62.3±8.7)years (range: 36 to 88 years). The operations were performed via the 5(th) intercostal space of left thoracic lateral incision (length: 4 to 5 cm extended for 8 to 10 cm), and were performed under off-pump, with the help of the chest wall suspension device and cardiac fixator. The proximal anastomosis on ascending aorta and the distal anastomosis of left anterior descending branch, circumflex branch and right coronary system were completed according to procedure. In all 244 cases, the proportion of 2 grafts was 53.7% (131 cases), 3 grafts was 36.1% (88 cases), 4 grafts was 9.8% (24 cases) and 5 grafts was 0.4% (1 case). The average of grafts was 2.6±0.7 (range: 2 to 5). The proportion of hybrid was 14.3% (35 cases), sequential bypass procedure was 43.0% (105 cases) and multiple artery grafts was 25.4% (62 cases). The perioperative complications of the patients were collected, the patency rate of the grafts was evaluated by coronary angiography or CT within 7 days after the operation, and main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were followed up. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the 1-year MACCE rate was calculated by survival analysis. Results: All cases had no transition to thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass procedure, and no cases needed intra aortic balloon pumping and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the operation.There were 2 cases of poor incision healing, and reoperation was performed in 10 cases (6 cases of postoperative bleeding, 2 cases of incision debridement, and 2 cases of grafts problems). The rate of MACCE in 30 days was 2.6% (10 cases), which contained 3 cases of death (2 cases of grafts occlusion, 1 case of serious hemorrhage after thoracic puncture drainage), 3 cases of stroke and 5 cases of non-fatal myocardial infarction. By the re-examination of angiography in 7 days after operation, the overall patency of the grafts was 96.1%, and the patency of the left anterior descending was 98.6%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted for 235 patients (96.3%) with 1 to 36 months follow-up results, and the 1-year MACCE rate was 5.6% (95%CI: 4.2% to 7.0%) . There was no significant difference among the incidences of MACCE at each stage of learning curve. Surgeon could reduce the operation time and complete more anastomosis with the accumulation of experience after the early 30 cases. Conclusions: MICS-CABG can safely achieve completed revascularization, which has good operative effects in short and medium-long term. There is no significant risk in the early cases of learning curve.
目的： 探讨左胸小切口多支冠状动脉旁路移植术的安全性及有效性。 方法： 回顾性分析2015年11月至2019年11月北京大学第三医院心脏外科244例行左胸小切口多支冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的临床资料。男性197例，女性47例，年龄（62.3±8.7）岁（范围：36~88岁）。经第5肋间长4~5 cm（可延长为8~10 cm）左胸前外侧切口进胸，在非体外循环下进行手术，借助胸壁悬吊装置及心脏固定器，完成升主动脉近端吻合，前降支、回旋支及右冠状动脉系统的靶血管远端吻合等操作。移植血管数量（2.6±0.7）支（范围：2~5支），其中131例患者移植2支，88例移植3支，24例移植4支，1例移植5支；序贯旁路移植105例，手术结合经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术复合治疗35例，全动脉化旁路移植62例。术后7 d内复查冠状动脉造影或CT评估旁路血管通畅率，随访记录主要严重心脑血管事件（MACCE）发生情况，通过Kaplan-Meier法计算1年累积MACCE发生率。 结果： 无患者中转开胸手术，术中未应用主动脉内球囊反搏或体外膜式氧合。术后切口愈合不良2例，再次手术10例（术后出血6例，切口清创2例，旁路血管问题2例）。术后30 d内10例发生MACCE，包括死亡3例（2例为术后心肌缺血导致恶性心律失常，1例为胸腔穿刺后大出血导致休克），脑卒中3例，非致死性心肌梗死5例。术后早期复查造影旁路血管总体通畅率为96.1%，前降支旁路通畅率为98.6%。随访1~36个月（中位随访时间12个月），失访率3.7%（9/244），1年累积MACCE发生率为5.6%（95%CI：4.2%~7.0%）。学习曲线分析显示，各阶段MACCE发生率相近，早期30例后手术时间缩短，旁路支数增加。 结论： 左胸小切口多支冠状动脉旁路移植术可以实现完全再血管化，近期及中远期效果良好，早期学习曲线不会增加手术风险。.
Keywords: Coronary artery bypass; Coronary artery disease; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive; Treatment outcome.