Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established option for select patients with systolic heart failure. Nonresponse to CRT remains a significant problem. We present five patients who were CRT nonresponders and discuss the conventional and nonconventional approaches employed to achieve CRT benefit.
Keywords: Cardiac resynchronization therapy; catheter ablation to enhance CRT; multipoint pacing; multisite pacing; permanent His-bundle pacing.
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