Descriptive characteristics of hospitalized adult smokers and never-smokers with COVID-19

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, United States.
• ² Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
• ³ Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, United States.
• ⁴ Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, United States.
• ⁵ Public Health Department, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
• ⁶ Environmental Health Department, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
• ⁷ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• ⁸ Nursing and Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.