Comparison of salivary cytokines levels among individuals with Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and normoactive

Carolina-Hartung Habibe; Rosemeire-Arai Yoshida; Renata Gorjão; Gabriela-Mancia de Gutierrez; Debora Heller; Alexander Birbrair; Maria-Teresa-Botti-Rodrigues Santos

doi:10.4317/jced.56336

Comparison of salivary cytokines levels among individuals with Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and normoactive

J Clin Exp Dent. 2020 May 1;12(5):e446-e451. doi: 10.4317/jced.56336. eCollection 2020 May.

Authors

Carolina-Hartung Habibe¹, Rosemeire-Arai Yoshida², Renata Gorjão³, Gabriela-Mancia de Gutierrez⁴, Debora Heller⁵, Alexander Birbrair⁶, Maria-Teresa-Botti-Rodrigues Santos⁷

Affiliations

¹ DDS, MSc, PhD, Professor, Pediatric Dentistry, Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, UniFOA, Av. Lucas Evangelista de Oliveira Franco, 866, Volta Redonda. Brazil.
² DDS, MSc student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - Liberdade, São Paulo. Brazil.
³ MSc, PhD, Adjunt Professor, Postgraduate Program Interdisciplinary in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - Liberdade, São Paulo. Brazil.
⁴ DDS, MSc, Ph.D student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - Liberdade, São Paulo. Brazil.
⁵ DDS, MSc, PhD, School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 - Liberdade, São Paulo - SP, 01506-000, Brazil. Experimental Research Center, Albert Einstein Israeli Hospital, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶ DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, EUA. Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁷ DDS, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Individuals with Special Needs, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Abstract

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present increased susceptibility to infections and high prevalence of periodontal disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate the salivary concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα and IL-12p70 of DS individuals and compare to cerebral palsy (CP) and normoactive patients (all with gingivitis).

Material and methods: Twenty-two individuals with DS, 24 with CP and 22 normoactive participated in this cross-sectional study. Salivary flow rate, osmolality rate, Oral Hygiene Index, Gingival Index (GI) and salivary inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα and IL-12p70 were evaluated. Shapiro-Wilks, Chi-square, ANOVA One-Way and Kruskal Wallis tests were applied with significance level at 5%.

Results: The groups were homogenous for gender, age, and IL12p70 cytokine (p>0.05). GI was significantly higher in DS compared to CP and healthy (p<0.05). CP presented reduced salivary flow and increased osmolality rate. CP showed significantly higher values for TNFα, IL10, and IL6 compared to DS and normoactive (p<0.05). DS and CP presented significantly higher values of IL-1β and IL8 compared to normoactive (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Individuals with CP have higher risk to develop periodontal disease due to reduced salivary flow rate, increased salivary osmolality rate and elevated TNFα, IL-10, IL-6 compared to DS. Key words:Cytokines, biomarkers, gingivitis, periodontal diseases, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, saliva.