Long-term outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and high dose rate brachytherapy as adjuvant therapy after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer

Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2020 Aug;30(8):1157-1161. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001412. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Abstract

Objective: Compared with 3D-planned pelvic radiation, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been shown to reduce acute toxicity in cervical cancer patients after radical hysterectomy. This study evaluated late toxicity and patterns of failure after post-operative pelvic IMRT interdigitated weekly with high dose rate brachytherapy.

Methods: This retrospective study included 53 cervical cancer patients treated between January 2006 and August 2019 with radical hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy, and post-operative IMRT and high dose rate brachytherapy. The decision to include chemotherapy was made by the treating gynecologic oncologist based on patient-specific criteria including positive pelvic lymph nodes, positive surgical margins, or positive parametrial invasion. The actuarial rates of genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity, vaginal cuff/regional nodal/distant failure, and overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: Median follow-up was 70 months (range 5.4-148) months and age at diagnosis was 47 (range 24-73) years. The 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) clinical stages were IB1 (n=19), IB2 (n=7), IIB (n=7), IIIC1 (n=19), and IIIC2 (n=1). Median radiation dose delivered in 160 cGy daily fractions was 5120 (range 4640-5120) cGy. Median brachytherapy dose prescribed to the vaginal surface delivered in six weekly fractions was 2400 (range 1200-4800) cGy. Concurrent chemotherapy was delivered in 35 (66%) patients. There were no acute grade >3 genitourinary or gastrointestinal toxicities. Late grade >3 occurred in two (3.8%) patients, including a small bowel obstruction and a ureteral stricture. The 5-year actuarial rate for gastrointestinal or genitourinary toxicity was 1.9%. There were no vaginal cuff recurrences. The 5-year actuarial rates for regional nodal failure, distant failure outside the radiation field, any failure, and overall survival were 11%, 11%, 14%, and 85%, respectively.

Conclusions: Post-operative IMRT with high dose rate brachytherapy for patients with cervical cancer is associated with excellent outcomes and limited rates of radiation-related non-hematologic toxicity.

Keywords: brachytherapy; cervical cancer; neoplasm recurrence, local; postoperative complications; radiotherapy, intensity-modulated.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Brachytherapy / adverse effects
  • Brachytherapy / methods*
  • Carcinoma / secondary
  • Carcinoma / therapy*
  • Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Female
  • Female Urogenital Diseases / etiology
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / etiology
  • Humans
  • Hysterectomy
  • Lymph Node Excision
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology*
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Pelvis
  • Radiotherapy Dosage
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / methods
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated* / adverse effects
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Rate
  • Time Factors
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / pathology
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Young Adult