[Prevalence of asthma at risk symptoms in adolescents exposed to volcanic ash, in two Patagonian cities]

Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba. 2020 Apr 7;77(2):61-67. doi: 10.31053/1853.0605.v77.n2.27927.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Objective: Evaluate the prevalence of asthma risk in subject of 13-14 years old that were exposed to volcanic ash. One year after the eruption of the Calbuco Volcano and in 2 cities with different degrees of exposure.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was developed in subjects of 13-14 years old of two Patagonian cities: San Carlos de Bariloche and Cipolletti. The ISAAC questionnaire and video questionnaire was applied to determine asthma risk. Demographic and perception of exposure variables were assessed.

Results: 511 subjects were surveyed in both cities. The prevalence of asthma at risk symptoms was higher in Bariloche 14% compared to Cipolletti 10%, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.32). A significant increase in the perception of volcanic ash exposure was reported 14% in Bariloche city vs. 6% in Cipolletti city, p<0.05.

Conclusions: After 18 months of volcanic eruption with respiratory ash exposure and the lack of respiratory symptoms difference between two cities with different degree of exposure, this factor may not contribute to have a clinical impact in respiratory health.

Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de riesgo de asma en adolescentes expuestos a ceniza volcánica a un año de la erupción del Volcán Calbuco, en 2 ciudades con diferentes grado de afectación.

Métodologia: Estudio de Corte Transversal, en adolescentes de 13-14 años en dos ciudades con diferente grado de exposición a ceniza volcánica: San Carlos de Bariloche y Cipolletti. Se aplicó cuestionario y video-cuestionario ISAAC para determinar riesgo de asma. Las variables demográficas y percepción de exposición, se obtuvieron por cuestionario previo a la aplicación de metodología ISAAC.

Resultados: Se encuestaron 511 sujetos en total. Se reportó prevalencia de síntomas de riesgo de asma en Bariloche resultó de 14% comparado con Cipolletti que reportó 10% (p=0.32). Se informó mayor exposición a ceniza volcánica en la ciudad de Bariloche vs. Cipolletti; 14% y 6% respectivamente con p<0.05.

Conclusiones: La falta diferencia estadisticamente significativa respecto a la prevalencia de sintomas de riesgo de asma entre ambas poblaciones con diferente nivel de exposición y tras 18 meses de la erupción volcánica mas exposición respiratoria a ceniza volcánica, pareciera no presentar impacto clínico en la salud respiratoria.

Keywords: asthma; air pollutants; volcanic eruptions.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Air Pollutants / adverse effects*
  • Argentina / epidemiology
  • Asthma / epidemiology*
  • Asthma / etiology*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Particulate Matter / adverse effects
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Volcanic Eruptions / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Air Pollutants
  • Particulate Matter