Clinical Features and Outcomes of Primary Spinal Cord Glioblastoma: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review

World Neurosurg. 2020 Nov:143:e157-e165. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.066. Epub 2020 Jul 18.

Abstract

Objective: We aim to elucidate the clinical characteristics of patients with primary spinal cord glioblastoma (PSC GBM) and prognostic factors for their outcomes.

Methods: A cohort of 11 patients with pathologically diagnosed PSC GBM from our center were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical, radiologic, operative, and molecular information were recorded, and univariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors.

Results: The patient cohort included 5 males (45.5%) and 6 females (54.5%) with a median age of 26 years (range, 9-69 years). The median duration of the preoperative symptoms was 4.0 months (range, 0.5-120 months). Subtotal resection was achieved in 8 patients (72.7%) and partial resection in 3 (27.3%). Two patients (18.2%) underwent postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, 2 patients underwent (27.3%) chemotherapy only, and 6 patients (54.5%) neither. Two patients underwent additional therapy with bevacizumab. After a mean follow-up of 12.4 months (range, 1-33 months), Kaplan-Meier plot showed that the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 6.0 (range, 0.5-12.0) months and 12.0 (range, 1.0-33.0) months, respectively, and 1-year survival was 31.8%. Age at diagnosis and duration of the preoperative symptoms were confirmed as prognostic factors of progression-free survival and overall survival in univariate analysis (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Despite aggressive treatment, PSC GBM still has a dismal prognosis and leads to severe neurologic deficit. Age at diagnosis and duration of the preoperative symptoms were confirmed as prognostic factors, yet the role of adjuvant radiochemotherapy and extent of resection are still unclear, necessitating further research.

Keywords: Chemotherapy; Primary spinal cord glioblastoma; Prognosis; Radiotherapy; Surgery.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use*
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / therapeutic use*
  • Bevacizumab / therapeutic use
  • Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant*
  • Chemotherapy, Adjuvant*
  • Child
  • Female
  • Glioblastoma / diagnostic imaging
  • Glioblastoma / metabolism
  • Glioblastoma / pathology
  • Glioblastoma / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / metabolism
  • Karnofsky Performance Status
  • Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neurosurgical Procedures*
  • Prognosis
  • Progression-Free Survival
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Spinal Cord Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Spinal Cord Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Spinal Cord Neoplasms / pathology
  • Spinal Cord Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Temozolomide / therapeutic use
  • Time Factors
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
  • Ki-67 Antigen
  • MKI67 protein, human
  • TP53 protein, human
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • Bevacizumab
  • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
  • IDH1 protein, human
  • Temozolomide