Changes in Acoustic Aspects of Vocal Function in Children After Adenotonsillectomy

Background: Adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common pediatric surgical procedures. Postoperative voice changes are a very common concern among patient's parents. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze acoustic voice parameters after adenotonsillectomy, tonsillectomy, and adenoidectomy in pediatric patients in a tertiary referral academic center.

Patients and methods: All pediatric patients undergoing an adenotonsillectomy, tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy in a single center from 2002 to 2018 were included in the study. Change of fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-noise ratio at first, seventh and 30th postoperative day compared to preoperative values were the primary outcome parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance model.

Results: A total of 1258 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 8.3 years (range 3.0-18.0 years). Around 698 were male (55.5%) and 560 female (44.5%). The values of fundamental frequency increased significantly after the first and seventh postoperative day (P = 0.001 both) but normalized 1 month after surgery (P = 0.962). At the first postoperative month, values of jitter and shimmer decreased significantly (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively). Measurements of harmonic-noise ratio revealed a significant increase 30 days after surgery (P = 0.004).

Conclusion: Statistically significant differences in objective voice parameters within the first postoperative month after tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and adenotonsillectomy were observed. The fundamental frequency returned to normal 1 month after surgery. These findings can contribute in soothing the concerns of parents regarding postoperative voice changes.