Analytical techniques based on mass spectrometry allow to analyze DNA modifications in body fluids. Here we describe two chromatographic methods that can be used for the simultaneous determination of the modified DNA bases and nucleosides in the same urine sample: isotope-dilution automated online two-dimensional ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (2D-UPLC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC/GC/MS).
Keywords: 5-carboxycytosine; 5-formylcytosine; 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; 5-hydroxymethyluracil; DNA lesions; DNA modifications; Gas chromatography; Isotope-dilution mass spectrometry; Urinary excretion.