This article discusses the background to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The specific features of the causative pathogen (SARS-CoV-2) are outlined, together with a 'whistlestop' revision of immunological principles. The article goes on to discuss the principles and mechanisms of immunisation and the stages of vaccine development. The current situation in relation to the race to develop a vaccine against COVID-19 is incorporated and the immunological principles being adapted by the top contenders are outlined. These include new approaches based on genetic sequencing. Finally, the importance of understanding theoretical principles and the potential practical implications for nurses who will be at the coalface, reassuring patients and delivering vaccines, is addressed.
Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Genome; Nursing in a pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine.