Objective: To investigate the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer patients without preoperative prostate biopsy in the new era of the continuous development of comprehensive new imaging diagnostic mode and minimally invasive surgery technology. Methods: From August 2018 to October 2019, 17 patients with prostate cancer were enrolled in this study in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. All patients were highly suspected of prostate cancer by PSMA-PET/CT-based imaging diagnostic techniques and underwent 3D laparoscopic radical prostatectomy without prostate biopsy. The perioperative data, postoperative pathology, postoperative complications and follow-up results were recorded and analyzed. Results: The average age of 17 patients with prostate cancer was (65±7) years. The body mass index (BMI) average was (24.4±3.0) kg/m(2). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was 1 (1-2) and the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score was 1 (0-4). The preoperative value of PSA was (19±11) μg/L. The PSMA PET/CT showed abnormally high expression foci and the great possibility of prostate cancer for all the 17 patients. Prostate puncture biopsy: the results of prostate biopsy were negative in 3 cases. The digital rectal examination found that the prostate volume was Ⅰ or Ⅱ degree large, 10 cases touched hard and the nodule was touched in two cases. Three patients had undergone a previous prostate biopsy, but prostate cancer was not found. All the 17 operations were successfully performed without conversion to open surgery. The surgery time was (85±21) (range from 45 to 120) min, the estimated blood loss was (25±18) (range from5 to 100) ml, the time of intake of liquid diet was (14.3±4.4) h, the intestinal recovery time was (23±10) h, the postoperative activity time was (22±7) h, the drainage duration was (3.7±0.8) d, the postoperative hospital stay was (4.9±1.2) days, and the catheter removal time was (7.4±1.5) days. In the early postoperative period (within 30 days after surgery), no obvious complications occurred. The postoperative final pathology confirmed that all the 17 specimens were prostate cancer. After a median follow-up of 6.5 months, the patient's urinary control rate reached 81.3% at postoperative 1 month, 92.3% at postoperative 3 months after surgery, and the urinary control rate reached 100% at postoperative 6 months. Postoperative PSA value was (0.08±0.08) μg/L, significantly lower than preoperative PSA level (P<0.001). There was significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative QOL (Quality of life) score (57±5 and 47±5 respectively, P<0.001) which indicated that the patients' postoperative quality of life was greatly improved. Conclusions: It is safe and feasible to perform minimally invasive radical prostatectomy without preoperative prostate biopsy for patients with highly suspected prostate cancer by comprehensive diagnostic mode based on modern new imaging technology.
目的： 探讨在以现代新影像技术为主的综合诊断模式和微创手术技术不断发展的背景下，前列腺癌患者术前免穿刺，直接行微创根治性切除手术的可行性及安全性。 方法： 收集分析2018年8月1日至2019年10月28日于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院泌尿外科术前未行前列腺穿刺直接行3D腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术的17例前列腺癌患者的临床及随访资料。所有患者术前均经以磁共振（MRI）、靶向前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）核素分子影像检查（PSMA-PET/CT）等为主的综合诊断技术高度怀疑为前列腺癌。记录并分析患者围手术期、术后病理及随访资料等。 结果： 17例前列腺癌患者，术前前列腺特异抗原（PSA）（19±11）μg/L，核磁结果：14例外周带存在异常信号，1例提示前列腺炎症，1例提示前列腺增生，1例提示前列腺炎症、前列腺增生。PSMA PET/CT结果：17例均提示异常高表达灶，前列腺癌可能。直肠指诊：前列腺为Ⅰ或Ⅱ度大，10例质硬，余质韧，2例可触及结节，其余均未触及明显结节。3例患者既往行一次前列腺穿刺活检，结果未发现前列腺癌。17例手术均顺利完成，无中转开放。手术时间45~120（85±21）min，术中出血量5~100（25±18）ml，恢复进食时间（14.3±4.4）h，排气时间（23±10）h，下地活动时间（22±7）h，拔除引流管时间（3.7±0.8）d，术后住院时间（4.9±1.2）d，拔除尿管时间（7.4±1.5）d。术后中位随访6.5个月，患者术后1个月尿控率为81.3%，术后3个月尿控率为92.3%，术后6个月尿控率为100%；术后PSA（0.08±0.08）μg/L，与术前相比明显降低（P<0.001）。术前生活质量评分（57±5）分，术后为（47±5）分，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），患者术后生活质量明显提高。 结论： 现代新影像技术为主的综合诊断方法高度怀疑为前列腺癌患者，术前免穿刺，直接行微创根治性前列腺切除术是安全、可行的。但目前阶段需谨慎开展。.
Keywords: Laparoscopes; Magnetic resonance imaging; Prostate biopsy; Prostate neoplasm; Prostatectomy.