Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity of Chemical Agents to Giant Cell Tumors: An In Vitro Study

Achmad Fauzi Kamal; Akbar Rizki Beni Asdi; Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim; Rio Wikanjaya; Resda Akhra Syahrani; Tri Kurniawati; Septelia Inawati Wanandi

doi:10.1155/2020/8827192

Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity of Chemical Agents to Giant Cell Tumors: An In Vitro Study

Stem Cells Int. 2020 Sep 1:2020:8827192. doi: 10.1155/2020/8827192. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Achmad Fauzi Kamal^{1

2}, Akbar Rizki Beni Asdi¹, Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim^{1

3}, Rio Wikanjaya¹, Resda Akhra Syahrani³, Tri Kurniawati^{3

2}, Septelia Inawati Wanandi^{4

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
² Stem Cell Integrated Medical Technology Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
³ Laboratorium of Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Abstract

Background: Various chemical agents have been used as an adjuvant treatment for giant cell tumor (GCT). However, the comparative effect of these chemicals remains unclear.

Methods: Multinucleated and spindle cells from cultured GCT patients, characterized by Nanog and Oct4 expression with RT-PCR, were directly administered, in vitro, with concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% of H₂O₂ and 75%, 85%, and 95% of ethanol for 10 minutes and concentrations of 0.003%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.1%, and 0.3% of H₂O₂ for 5 minutes and were incubated for 24 hours. Cell morphology, cell viability, and flow cytometry after various concentrations of H₂O₂ and ethanol exposure were assessed.

Results: H₂O₂ in all concentrations caused loss of cell viability. The number of viable cells after H₂O₂ exposure was related to the concentration-dependent effect. The initial viable spindle-shaped cell, multinucleated giant cell, and round-epithelioid cell had morphological changes into fragmented nonviable cells after exposure to H₂O₂. Flow cytometry using Annexin V showed cell death due to necrosis, with the highest concentration amounting to 0.3%.

Conclusion: Administering local chemical adjuvants of H₂O₂ in vitro caused loss of viable GCT cells. The number of viable cells after H₂O₂ exposure was related to the concentration-dependent effect, whereas reducing concentration of H₂O₂ may cause loss of viability and morphology of cultured GCT cells with the apoptotic mechanism.