Few amino acid signatures distinguish HIV-1 subtype B pandemic and non-pandemic strains

PLoS One. 2020 Sep 22;15(9):e0238995. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238995. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1) subtype B comprises approximately 10% of all HIV infections in the world. The HIV-1 subtype B epidemic comprehends a pandemic variant (named BPANDEMIC) disseminated worldwide and non-pandemic variants (named BCAR) that are mostly restricted to the Caribbean. The goal of this work was the identification of amino acid signatures (AAs) characteristic to the BCAR and BPANDEMIC variants. To this end, we analyzed HIV-1 subtype B full-length (n = 486) and partial (n = 814) genomic sequences from the Americas classified within the BCAR and BPANDEMIC clades and reconstructed the sequences of their most recent common ancestors (MRCA). Analysis of contemporary HIV-1 sequences revealed 13 AAs between BCAR and BPANDEMIC variants (four on Gag, three on Pol, three on Rev, and one in Vif, Vpu, and Tat) of which only two (one on Gag and one on Pol) were traced to the MRCA. All AAs correspond to polymorphic sites located outside essential functional proteins domains, except the AAs in Tat. The absence of stringent AAs inherited from their ancestors between modern BCAR and BPANDEMIC variants support that ecological factors, rather than viral determinants, were the main driving force behind the successful spread of the BPANDEMIC strain.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Motifs
  • Amino Acids / genetics*
  • HIV Infections / epidemiology
  • HIV Seropositivity / epidemiology
  • HIV-1 / genetics*
  • HIV-1 / pathogenicity
  • Humans
  • Pandemics
  • Phylogeny
  • Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Substances

  • Amino Acids

Grants and funding

I.A. is funded by a fellowship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). G.B. is funded by fellowships from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq (Grant number 302317/2017-1) and the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ (Grant number E-26/202.896/2018). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.