The role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis and treatment of retinal diseases

Thomas Cw Chan; Jennifer L Wilkinson Berka; Devy Deliyanti; Damien Hunter; Adrian Fung; Gerald Liew; Andrew White

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108255

The role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis and treatment of retinal diseases

Exp Eye Res. 2020 Dec:201:108255. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108255. Epub 2020 Sep 21.

Authors

Thomas Cw Chan¹, Jennifer L Wilkinson Berka², Devy Deliyanti², Damien Hunter³, Adrian Fung⁴, Gerald Liew³, Andrew White⁵

Affiliations

¹ Discipline of Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
² Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Medical Building 181, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
³ Discipline of Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴ Westmead and Central Clinical Schools, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia; Save Sight Institute, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, Australia.
⁵ Discipline of Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia; Save Sight Institute, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, Australia; Personal Eyes, Level 6, 34 Charles St, Parramatta, 2150, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 32971094
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108255

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) normally play an important physiological role in health regulating cellular processes and signal transduction. The amount of ROS is usually kept in fine balance with the generation of ROS largely being offset by the body's antioxidants. A tipping of this balance has increasingly been recognised as a contributor to human disease. The retina, as a result of its cellular anatomy and physical location, is a potent generator of ROS that has been linked to several major retinal diseases. This review will provide a summary of the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, myopia, retinal vein occlusion, retinitis pigmentosa and retinopathy of prematurity. Therapies aimed at controlling oxidative stress in these diseases are also examined.

Keywords: Oxidative stress; Pathogenesis; Reactive oxygen species; Retinal disease; Treatment.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Antioxidants / metabolism*
Humans
Oxidative Stress*
Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism*
Retina / metabolism
Retina / pathology*
Retinal Diseases / metabolism*
Retinal Diseases / pathology
Signal Transduction

Substances

Antioxidants
Reactive Oxygen Species