Structural and Functional Diversity Among the Members of CTR, the Membrane Copper Transporter Family

J Membr Biol. 2020 Oct;253(5):459-468. doi: 10.1007/s00232-020-00139-w. Epub 2020 Sep 25.

Abstract

Copper is crucial for carrying out normal physiological functions in all higher life forms. Copper Transporter 1 (CTR1) is the high-affinity copper importer found in all eukaryotic organisms. The copper transporter family primarily comprises ~ six members (CTR1-6) and the related members share high sequence homology with CTR. However, with the exception of CTR1, not all six CTRs are present in every organism. Despite having a simple trimeric channel structure, CTR1 and other members exhibit some unique regulatory properties. In the present review, we attempt to understand the diversity and similarity of regulation and functioning of the members of this copper transporter family.

Keywords: CTR; Copper; Copper Transporter.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biological Evolution
  • Biological Transport
  • Copper / chemistry*
  • Copper / metabolism*
  • Copper Transport Proteins / chemistry*
  • Copper Transport Proteins / genetics
  • Copper Transport Proteins / metabolism*
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Humans
  • Multigene Family
  • Phylogeny
  • Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Copper Transport Proteins
  • Copper