Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the postoperative pathology of locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinomas: 1:1 propensity score matching analysis

Eur J Surg Oncol. 2021 May;47(5):1069-1074. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.09.013. Epub 2020 Sep 18.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on postoperative pathology for stage IB2 and IIA2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Postoperative pathology was compared between patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy (NACT group) and patients who received upfront radical hysterectomy (URH group). Then, patients in the NACT group were divided into a chemotherapy-sensitive group and a chemotherapy-insensitive group according to their response to chemotherapy.

Results: After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), the positive rates of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (7.9% vs 17.7%, P = 0.001) and cervical deep stromal invasion (60.4% vs 76.2%, P < 0.001) in the NACT group were significantly lower than those in the URH group, while the positive rates of parametrial invasion, lymph node metastasis, and vaginal margin invasion were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of positive lymph node metastasis in the chemotherapy-sensitive group was significantly lower than that in the URH group (18.1% vs 26.5%, P = 0.037).

Conclusion: Among patients with stage IB2 and IIA2 cervical squamous cell carcinomas, NACT can reduce the positive rate of intermediate-risk factors, such as deep cervical stromal invasion and LVSI, but cannot reduce the positive rate of high-risk factors. For patients who are chemotherapy sensitive, NACT can reduce the positive rate of lymph node metastasis.

Keywords: Cervical squamous cell carcinomas; Locally advanced; Neoadjuvant chemotherapy; Postoperative pathology.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy*
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery
  • Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Propensity Score*
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / pathology
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / surgery