Pathological Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy and Photothermal Therapy Based on Nanoparticles

Yun-Jing Hou; Xin-Xin Yang; Rui-Qi Liu; Di Zhao; Chen-Xu Guo; An-Chao Zhu; Mei-Na Wen; Zhao Liu; Guo-Fan Qu; Hong-Xue Meng

doi:10.2147/IJN.S269321

Pathological Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy and Photothermal Therapy Based on Nanoparticles

Int J Nanomedicine. 2020 Sep 15:15:6827-6838. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S269321. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Yun-Jing Hou¹, Xin-Xin Yang¹, Rui-Qi Liu², Di Zhao¹, Chen-Xu Guo¹, An-Chao Zhu¹, Mei-Na Wen¹, Zhao Liu³, Guo-Fan Qu⁴, Hong-Xue Meng¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
² Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
³ Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Department of Orthopedics, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

The ultimate goal of phototherapy based on nanoparticles, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) which generates heat and photodynamic therapy (PDT) which not only generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also induces a variety of anti-tumor immunity, is to kill tumors. In addition, due to strong efficacy in clinical treatment with minimal invasion and negligible side effects, it has received extensive attention and research in recent years. In this paper, the generations of nanomaterials in PTT and PDT are described separately. In clinical application, according to the different combination pathway of nanoparticles, it can be used to treat different diseases such as tumors, melanoma, rheumatoid and so on. In this paper, the mechanism of pathological treatment is described in detail in terms of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells by ROS produced by PDT, immunogenic cell death to provoke the maturation of dendritic cells, which in turn activate production of CD4+ T cells, CD8+T cells and memory T cells, as well as inhibiting heat shock protein (HSPs), STAT3 signal pathway and so on.

Keywords: PDT; PTT; nanoparticles; pathological mechanism; photodynamic therapy; photothermal therapy.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
Apoptosis / drug effects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
Cytokines / metabolism
Humans
Hyperthermia, Induced
Nanoparticles / administration & dosage
Nanoparticles / therapeutic use*
Neoplasms / immunology
Neoplasms / pathology
Neoplasms / therapy*
Photochemotherapy / instrumentation
Photochemotherapy / methods
Photosensitizing Agents / administration & dosage
Photosensitizing Agents / pharmacology
Phototherapy / instrumentation
Phototherapy / methods*
Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism

Substances

Antineoplastic Agents
Cytokines
Photosensitizing Agents
Reactive Oxygen Species

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2020H036), the Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-Q18076), the N10 Found project of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital (2017-03), the Youth Elite Training Foundation of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital (JY2016-06), and the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital (JCQN-2018-05), Special funds of central finance to support the development of local University (2019), Wu-Jieping Medical Foundation (320.6750.19089-22, 320.6750.19089-48).