1 From the Divisions of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
2 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
3 Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
4 STS Research Center, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois.
5 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
6 International Heart Institute of Montana, Missoula Anesthesiology, PC, Missoula, Montana.
7 Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.
8 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
9 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York.
10 CHI Health Clinic Physician Enterprise Anesthesia, CHI Health Nebraska Heart, Omaha, Nebraska.
11 Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.
12 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
13 Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.