A thermal barrier coating (TBC), which is composed of a top coating (TC) and bond coating (BC), can keep a turbine engine working in high temperature. The TC is an insulated ceramic layer, and the BC is a conductive layer between the TC and engine blade. Owing to poor working conditions, some failures such as sintering, thinning of coating thickness, and oxide layer initiation will occur in the TBC. Once any part of the TBC fails, it will seriously threaten the safety of the aircraft. The quantitative detection of TBC parameters is realized with the electromagnetic/capacitive dual modality sensor in this paper. The measurement grid algorithm is used to inverse the thickness of the TC layer and the conductivity of the BC layer, and an analytical method is proposed to inverse the relative permittivity of the TC layer. According to the experiment, the inversion errors of these parameters are all less than 4%, which can meet the industry needs well.