Deficient Endoplasmic Reticulum Acetyl-CoA Import in Pancreatic Acinar Cells Leads to Chronic Pancreatitis

Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;11(3):725-738. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.10.008. Epub 2020 Oct 17.

Abstract

Background & aims: Maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis is essential for pancreatic acinar cell function. Under conditions of severe ER stress, activation of pathogenic unfolded protein response pathways plays a central role in the development and progression of pancreatitis. Less is known, however, of the consequence of perturbing ER-associated post-translational protein modifications on pancreatic outcomes. Here, we examined the role of the ER acetyl-CoA transporter AT-1 on pancreatic homeostasis.

Methods: We used an AT-1S113R/+ hypomorphic mouse model, and generated an inducible, acinar-specific, AT-1 knockout mouse model, and performed histologic and biochemical analyses to probe the effect of AT-1 loss on acinar cell physiology.

Results: We found that AT-1 expression is down-regulated significantly during both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, acinar-specific deletion of AT-1 in acinar cells induces chronic ER stress marked by activation of both the spliced x-box binding protein 1 and protein kinase R-like ER kinase pathways, leading to spontaneous mild/moderate chronic pancreatitis evidenced by accumulation of intracellular trypsin, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Induction of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis in the AT-1 model led to acinar cell loss and glad atrophy.

Conclusions: These results indicate a key role for AT-1 in pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis, the unfolded protein response, and that perturbations in AT-1 function leads to pancreatic disease.

Keywords: AT-1; ER Stress; Unfolded Protein Response.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Acetyl Coenzyme A / metabolism*
  • Acinar Cells / cytology
  • Acinar Cells / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Down-Regulation
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Membrane Transport Proteins / deficiency*
  • Membrane Transport Proteins / genetics
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Pancreas / cytology
  • Pancreas / pathology*
  • Pancreatitis, Chronic / genetics*
  • Pancreatitis, Chronic / pathology
  • Unfolded Protein Response

Substances

  • Membrane Transport Proteins
  • Slc33a1 protein, mouse
  • Acetyl Coenzyme A