Blood products are often irradiated to prevent proliferation of lymphocytes which could cause graft-vs.-host disease in immunocompromised recipients. The effects of irradiation on the function of blood components is discussed. It is concluded that 1500 rad is sufficient to prevent lymphocyte proliferation and production of graft-vs.-host disease in vivo, although 10 to 20% of lymphocytes are still capable of proliferation in vitro after 1500 rad. Neutrophils and erythrocytes are extremely radioresistant and their function is unaffected by 1500 rad. There is limited data to suggest that platelet yields may be slightly reduced following irradiation. Guidelines for the use of irradiated blood products are suggested.