COVID-19 Outbreak: Pathogenesis, Current Therapies, and Potentials for Future Management

Md Farhad Hossain; Sharifa Hasana; Abdullah Al Mamun; Md Sahab Uddin; Mir Imam Ibne Wahed; Sabarni Sarker; Tapan Behl; Irfan Ullah; Yesmin Begum; Israt Jahan Bulbul; Md Shah Amran; Md Habibur Rahman; May N Bin-Jumah; Saad Alkahtani; Shaker A Mousa; Lotfi Aleya; Mohamed M Abdel-Daim

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.563478

COVID-19 Outbreak: Pathogenesis, Current Therapies, and Potentials for Future Management

Front Pharmacol. 2020 Oct 16:11:563478. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.563478. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Md Farhad Hossain^{1

2}, Sharifa Hasana³, Abdullah Al Mamun^{2

3}, Md Sahab Uddin^{2

3}, Mir Imam Ibne Wahed⁴, Sabarni Sarker⁵, Tapan Behl⁶, Irfan Ullah⁷, Yesmin Begum³, Israt Jahan Bulbul³, Md Shah Amran⁸, Md Habibur Rahman⁹, May N Bin-Jumah¹⁰, Saad Alkahtani¹¹, Shaker A Mousa¹², Lotfi Aleya¹³, Mohamed M Abdel-Daim^{11

14}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea.
² Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
⁵ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁶ Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
⁷ Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
⁸ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
⁹ Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
¹⁰ Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, New York, NY, United States.
¹³ Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France.
¹⁴ Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Abstract

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) was found at the seafood market of Hubei province in Wuhan, China, and this virus was officially named coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is mainly characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) and creates public health concerns as well as significant threats to the economy around the world. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unclear and there is no effective treatment of this newly life-threatening and devastating virus. Therefore, it is crucial to search for alternative methods that alleviate or inhibit the spread of COVID-19. In this review, we try to find out the etiology, epidemiology, symptoms as well as transmissions of this novel virus. We also summarize therapeutic interventions and suggest antiviral treatments, immune-enhancing candidates, general supplements, and CoV specific treatments that control replication and reproduction of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

Keywords: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; coronavirus; coronavirus disease 2019; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; therapeutic interventions; transmission.

Publication types

Review