Loperamide exerts a direct bactericidal effect against M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. terrae and M. smegmatis

Lett Appl Microbiol. 2021 Mar;72(3):351-356. doi: 10.1111/lam.13432. Epub 2020 Dec 1.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is highly prevalent, characterized by the constant occurrence of drug-resistant cases, and confounded by the incidence of respiratory disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTB). Expanding the spectrum of drugs for the treatment of TB is indispensable. Loperamide, an antidiarrhoeal drug, enhances immune-driven antimycobacterial activity, and we aimed to evaluate its bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium terrae and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Loperamide exhibited an inhibitory effect against all mycobacterial species tested, with MICs of 100 and 150 μg ml-1 . Thus, loperamide is a mycobactericidal drug with potential as adjunctive therapy for TB and NTB infections.

Keywords: Escherichia coli; Mycobacterium; Antimicrobial Effect; Staphylococcus aureus; minimal inhibitory concentration.

MeSH terms

  • Antitubercular Agents / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Loperamide / pharmacology*
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Mycobacterium bovis / drug effects*
  • Mycobacterium smegmatis / drug effects*
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis / drug effects*
  • Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / drug effects*
  • Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / drug therapy

Substances

  • Antitubercular Agents
  • Loperamide