Essential functional molecules associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19

Gene. 2021 Feb 5:768:145313. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145313. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

Abstract

The whole world is still suffering substantially from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Several protein-based molecules that are associated with the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which are essential for its functionality, survival, and pathogenesis have been identified and are considered as potential therapeutic targets. These protein-based molecules are either structural/non-structural components of SARS-CoV-2 or host factors, which play a crucial role in this infection. Developing drug molecules against these essential functional molecules to hinder their regular functioning and associated physiological pathways could be promising for successful clinical management of this novel coronavirus infection. The review aims to highlight the functional molecules that play crucial roles in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. We have emphasized how these potential druggable targets could be beneficial in tackling the COVID-19 crisis.

Keywords: COVID-19; Pathogenesis; Spike proteins; TMPRSS2; Therapeutic target.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology*
  • COVID-19 / transmission
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment
  • Coronavirus 3C Proteases / chemistry
  • Coronavirus 3C Proteases / metabolism
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Methyltransferases / chemistry
  • Methyltransferases / metabolism
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • RNA Helicases / chemistry
  • RNA Helicases / metabolism
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • SARS-CoV-2 / chemistry
  • SARS-CoV-2 / drug effects
  • SARS-CoV-2 / pathogenicity*
  • SARS-CoV-2 / physiology*
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / chemistry
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / metabolism
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins / chemistry
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins / metabolism
  • Viral Structural Proteins / metabolism
  • Virulence
  • Virus Replication / drug effects

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • RNA, Viral
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins
  • Viral Structural Proteins
  • spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
  • Methyltransferases
  • Nsp13 protein, SARS-CoV
  • 3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2
  • Coronavirus 3C Proteases
  • RNA Helicases