Bone is a hard organ that makes up vertebrate endoskeleton, which plays a role in movement, support and protection for the body. The normal growth and development of bone is in the dynamic balance of bone metabolism, which is composed of bone formation and bone absorption. This balance is very important for maintaining bone mass and mineral homeostasis. In the process of bone growth and metabolism, there are many signaling pathways regulating bone formation and absorption, such as BMP (bone morphogenetic protein)/SMADs, TGF-β (transforming growth factor β), Wnt/β-catenin, OPG (osteoprotegerin)/RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand)/RANK (receptor activator of NF-κB), FGF (fibroblast growth factor) and Notch signaling pathway. These signaling pathways have complex regulatory mechanisms and are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and research progress of signal pathways that play key regulatory roles in the process of animal bone metabolism, thereby laying a foundation for research in animal bone metabolism.
骨骼是组成脊椎动物内骨骼的坚硬器官,对机体起着运动、支撑和保护的作用。骨骼处于骨形成和骨吸收两种活动所组成的骨代谢的动态平衡状态,这种平衡对于维持骨量和矿物质稳态至关重要。在动物骨代谢过程中,存在着众多调节骨形成和骨吸收的信号通路,如BMP (bone morphogenetic protein)/SMADs、TGF-β (transforming growth factor β)、Wnt/β-catenin、OPG (osteoprotegerin)/RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand)/ RANK (receptor activator of NF-κB)、FGF (fibroblast growth factor)和Notch信号通路等。这些信号通路具有复杂的调控机制,参与骨代谢过程的调节。本文综述了在动物骨代谢过程中起关键调节作用的相关信号通路的作用机制及研究进展,以期为动物骨代谢研究奠定基础。.
Keywords: bone formation; bone metabolism; bone resorption; signaling pathway.