Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease that can lead to right ventricular failure and premature death. Although approved drugs have been shown to be safe and effective, PAH remains a severe clinical condition, and the long-term survival of patients with PAH is still suboptimal. Thus, potential therapeutic targets and new agents to treat PAH are urgently needed. In recent years, a variety of related pathways and potential therapeutic targets have been found, which brings new hope for PAH therapy. In this perspective, not only are the marketed drugs used to treat PAH summarized but also the recently developed novel pharmaceutical therapies currently in clinical trials are discussed. Furthermore, the advances in natural products as potential treatment for PAH are also updated.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Antihypertensive Agents / pharmacology
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Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use*
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Endothelin Receptor Antagonists / pharmacology
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Endothelin Receptor Antagonists / therapeutic use
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Humans
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Nitric Oxide / metabolism
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Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension / drug therapy*
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Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension / pathology
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Receptors, Endothelin / chemistry
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Receptors, Endothelin / metabolism
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Receptors, Epoprostenol / agonists
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Receptors, Epoprostenol / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
Substances
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Antihypertensive Agents
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Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
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Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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Receptors, Endothelin
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Receptors, Epoprostenol
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Nitric Oxide