Crude oil and S500 diesel removal from seawater by polyurethane composites reinforced with palm fiber residues

In this work, we prepared PU-composites with Australian palm residues (PR) in different contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) and granulometry (28 and 35 mesh) to improve the oil (crude oil and S500 Diesel) sorption capacity. The foams were characterized by life cycle assessment (LCA), scanning electron microscopy, oil sorption, desorption, and Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin sorption isotherms. LCA indicated that higher PR contents decreased the foam environmental impacts than the classical residue handling, indicating that 20 wt% PR is the better environmental option, independent of the residues granulometry. The PR incorporation into PU foams resulted in smaller pore sizes, with a higher number of homogeneous open-cells. The PU composites exhibited higher oil adsorption capacity than the pristine foam. The PU sample showed maximum absorption capability of 6.1 and 6.7 g g^-1 for diesel S500 and crude oil, and the composites showed increased values of ∼18 g g^-1 and ∼24 g g^-1. The Langmuir model presented the best fit and predicted a maximum adsorption capacity of 30.39 and 25.57 g g^-1 for PU-20% PR 28 and 35 mesh, respectively. The composites presented excellent reusability with PU-20% PR (28 mesh) and PU-20% PR (35 mesh), showing removal efficiency after 16 and 9 cycles, respectively. The results classify the developed foams as excellent materials to sorb spilled crude oil in marine accidents.