Spontaneous portomesenteric thrombosis in a non-cirrhotic patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection

BMJ Case Rep. 2020 Dec 22;13(12):e238906. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238906.

Abstract

Intra-abdominal thromboses are a poorly characterised thrombotic complication of COVID-19 and are illustrated in this case. A 42-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B (undetectable viral load, FibroScan 7.4 kPa) developed fever and cough in March 2020. 14 days later, he developed right upper quadrant pain. After being discharged with reassurance, he re-presented with worsening pain on symptom day 25. Subsequent abdominal ultrasound suggested portal vein thrombosis. CT of the abdomen confirmed portal and mid-superior mesenteric vein thromboses. Concurrent CT of the chest suggested COVID-19 infection. While reverse transcription PCR was negative, subsequent antibody serology was positive. Thrombophilia screen excluded inherited and acquired thrombophilia. Having been commenced on apixaban 5 mg two times per day, he is currently asymptomatic. This is the first case of COVID-19-related portomesenteric thrombosis described in the UK. A recent meta-analysis suggests 9.2% of COVID-19 cases develop abdominal pain. Threshold for performing abdominal imaging must be lower to avoid this reversible complication.

Keywords: hepatitis B; liver disease; portal hypertension; radiology.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Pain / diagnosis
  • Adult
  • COVID-19 Serological Testing / methods
  • COVID-19* / blood
  • COVID-19* / complications
  • COVID-19* / therapy
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Factor Xa Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Hepatitis B, Chronic / complications*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mesenteric Ischemia* / etiology
  • Mesenteric Ischemia* / physiopathology
  • Mesenteric Ischemia* / therapy
  • Mesenteric Veins / diagnostic imaging*
  • Portal Vein / diagnostic imaging*
  • Portography / methods
  • Pyrazoles / administration & dosage*
  • Pyridones / administration & dosage*
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification*
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ultrasonography / methods

Substances

  • Factor Xa Inhibitors
  • Pyrazoles
  • Pyridones
  • apixaban