The clinical spectrum of COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations: An Italian multicenter study of 200 adult patients

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 May;84(5):1356-1363. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.01.023. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is associated with a wide range of skin manifestations.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19-associated skin manifestations and explore the relationships among the 6 main cutaneous phenotypes and systemic findings.

Methods: Twenty-one Italian Dermatology Units were asked to collect the demographic, clinical, and histopathologic data of 200 patients with COVID-19-associated skin manifestations. The severity of COVID-19 was classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe.

Results: A chilblain-like acral pattern was significantly associated with a younger age (P < .0001) and, after adjusting for age, significantly associated with less severe COVID-19 (P = .0009). However, the median duration of chilblain-like lesions was significantly longer than that of the other cutaneous manifestations taken together (P < .0001). Patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 were more represented than those with asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 among the patients with cutaneous manifestations other than chilblain-like lesions, but only the confluent erythematous/maculo-papular/morbilliform phenotype was significantly associated with more severe COVID-19 (P = .015), and this significance disappeared after adjustment for age.

Limitations: Laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 was not possible in all cases.

Conclusions: After adjustment for age, there was no clear-cut spectrum of COVID-19 severity in patients with COVID-19-related skin manifestations, although chilblain-like acral lesions were more frequent in younger patients with asymptomatic/pauci-symptomatic COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; infection; skin manifestations.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age of Onset
  • Aged
  • COVID-19 / diagnosis*
  • Chilblains / virology
  • Humans
  • Italy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Skin Diseases, Viral / diagnosis*
  • Skin Diseases, Viral / pathology