Chemical similarity assisted search for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Molecular modeling and evaluation of their neuroprotective properties

Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Mar 31:174:466-476. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.148. Epub 2021 Jan 23.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an obstinate and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, mainly characterized by cognitive decline. Increasing number of AD patients and the lack of promising treatment strategies demands novel therapeutic agents to combat various disease pathologies in AD. Recent progresses in understanding molecular mechanisms in AD helped researchers to streamline the various therapeutic approaches. Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has emerged as one of the potential treatment strategies. The present study discusses the identification of two potent AChE inhibitors (ZINC11709541 and ZINC11996936) from ZINC database through conventional in silico approaches and their in vitro validations. These inhibitors have strong preferences towards AChE than butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and didn't evoke any significant reduction in the cell viability of HEK-293 cells and primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, promising neuroprotective properties has also been displayed against glutamate induced excitotoxicity in primary cortical neurons. The present study proposes two potential drug lead compounds for the treatment of AD, that can be used for further studies and preclinical evaluation.

Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; Donepezil like compounds; Excitotoxicity; High-throughput virtual screening; Neuroprotection; ZINC database.

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcholinesterase
  • Animals
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Databases, Chemical
  • Female
  • GPI-Linked Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Glutamic Acid / toxicity
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Neurons / cytology*
  • Neurons / drug effects
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Neuroprotective Agents / chemistry
  • Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology*
  • Primary Cell Culture
  • Rats
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • GPI-Linked Proteins
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Glutamic Acid
  • ACHE protein, human
  • Acetylcholinesterase