The association between sleep quality, depression, anxiety and stress levels, and temporomandibular joint disorders among Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cranio. 2023 Nov;41(6):550-555. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1883364. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between sleep quality, depression, anxiety and stress levels, and the frequency of temporomandibular disorders in a sample of Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted with 699 dental university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used in the present study.

Results: The incidence of temporomandibular joint disorders in the present study was found to be 77.5%. Female students' FAI scores were found to be statistically significantly higher than males (p < 0.05). Additionally, higher depression and anxiety and stress levels caused increased PSQI and FAI scores.

Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased temporomandibular joint disorders were observed with increased impaired sleep quality and higher depression, anxiety and stress levels among dental university students.

Keywords: COVID-19; depression; pandemics; sleep; temporomandibular joint disorders.

MeSH terms

  • Anxiety / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Depression / epidemiology
  • Depression / etiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Pandemics
  • Sleep Quality
  • Students, Dental
  • Temporomandibular Joint Disorders* / complications
  • Temporomandibular Joint Disorders* / epidemiology