Lipid Droplet Contact Sites in Health and Disease

Trends Cell Biol. 2021 May;31(5):345-358. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.01.004. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Abstract

After having been disregarded for a long time as inert fat drops, lipid droplets (LDs) are now recognized as ubiquitous cellular organelles with key functions in lipid biology and beyond. The identification of abundant LD contact sites, places at which LDs are physically attached to other organelles, has uncovered an unexpected level of communication between LDs and the rest of the cell. In recent years, many disease factors mutated in hereditary disorders have been recognized as LD contact site proteins. Furthermore, LD contact sites are dramatically rearranged in response to infections with intracellular pathogens, as well as under pathological metabolic conditions such as hepatic steatosis. Collectively, it is emerging that LD-organelle contacts are important players in development and progression of disease.

Keywords: BSCL2; CIDE; NAFLD; Rab18; VPS13; viral replication organelle.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Lipid Droplets / metabolism
  • Lipid Droplets / physiology*
  • Lipid Metabolism / physiology
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Liver Diseases / etiology*
  • Liver Diseases / metabolism
  • Membrane Lipids / metabolism
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / etiology
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / metabolism
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / therapy

Substances

  • Membrane Lipids