Bacillus anthracis is a pathogenic bacterium, which causes anthrax disease. The ability of this bacterium to form spores, which can be preserved in soil for decades and cause outbreaks later on, makes this pathogen a serious problem for veterinary and health services of many countries. Siberia is one of the most anthrax-influenced regions of Russia. In this research we report on the results of genotyping based on whole genome SNP analysis of 15 strains, isolated on the territory of Eastern Siberia and the Far East in 1956-2018. In this research, we sequenced 15 genomes of B. anthracis strains isolated from infected humans and animals, and from soil samples from the territory of Eastern Siberia and the Far East in the period from 1956 to 2018. We used genomic sequences obtained in this study and 219 B. anthracis genomes available in the international GenBank database to perform a comparative analysis. As a result we detected 6400 chromosomal SNPs which allowed to differentiate the studied strains. We built phylogenetic reconstruction of the global B. anthracis population based on the detected SNPs using the Maximum Likelihood Method and described genetic diversity of the strains isolated on the territory of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Strains, isolated on this territory from 1956 to 2018 belong to 5 different genetic groups: "Ames", "STI", "Tsiankovskii", "Siberia" and "Asia". The greatest diversity of the strains is registered for two regions of the southern part of Eastern Siberia - Tyva and Buryatia. This research expands current understanding of genetic diversity of B. anthracis strains circulating on the territory of Russia.
Keywords: Bacillus anthracis; Comparative genomics; Eastern Siberia; Far East; Russia; Whole genome sequencing (WGS); Whole-Genome Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphism Analysis (wgSNP).
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