Impact of hypoalbuminemia on the prognosis of relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel

Eur J Haematol. 2021 Jul;107(1):48-53. doi: 10.1111/ejh.13609. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Abstract

Introduction: Hypoalbuminemia is a known adverse prognostic factor in lymphomas. Yet, it is unknown if axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) overcomes the adverse prognostic impact of hypoalbuminemia in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis across three Mayo Clinic centers to assess the relationship of hypoalbuminemia (defined as a serum albumin (SA) levels ≤ 3.5 g/dL) on outcomes of patients treated with axi-cel.

Results: This analysis included 81 patients. Two patients had no available SA levels preceding axi-cel infusion. Eighteen patients (22.8%) had hypoalbuminemia with a median SA of 3.3 g/dL. Patients with normal SA had a statistically higher ORR than those without hypoalbuminemia (P = .018). There was no difference in 1-year PFS and OS between the group with hypoalbuminemia and the group with normal SA levels (48% vs 49%, P = .81) and (74% vs 73%, P = .97), respectively. There was no difference in the severity or median duration of cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity between the two groups.

Conclusion: Notwithstanding the limitations related to the relatively small sample size, axi-cel therapy appears to overcome the adverse effect of hypoalbuminemia on OS and PFS. Large multicenter clinical studies are certainly needed to validate these findings.

Keywords: chimeric antigen receptor T cell; cytokine release syndrome; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; neurotoxicity; serum albumin.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antigens, CD19 / biosynthesis*
  • Biological Products / adverse effects
  • Biological Products / therapeutic use*
  • Cytokine Release Syndrome*
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypoalbuminemia / complications
  • Hypoalbuminemia / drug therapy*
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive
  • Inflammation
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / complications
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / drug therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Serum Albumin / biosynthesis
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antigens, CD19
  • Biological Products
  • Cytokines
  • Serum Albumin
  • axicabtagene ciloleucel