The direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 pandemic in a real-life hematological setting

Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2021 Aug;4(4):e1358. doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1358. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Abstract

Background: Clinical outcomes of novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in onco-hematological patients are unknown. When compared to non-immunocompromised patients, onco-hematological patients seem to have higher mortality rates.

Aims: We describe the characteristics and outcomes of a consecutive cohort of 24 onco-hematological patients with COVID-19 during the first month of the pandemic. We also describe variations in healthcare resource utilization within our hematology department.

Methods and results: Data from patients between the first month of the pandemic were retrospectively collected. Clinical and logistic data were also collected and compared with the average values from the prior 3 months of activity. Prevalence of COVID-19 in our hematological population was 0.4%. Baseline characteristics were as follows: male sex: 83%, lymphoid diseases: 46%, median age: 69 (22-82) years. Median follow-up in survivors was 14 (9-28) days and inpatient mortality rate was 46%. Average time to moderate/severe respiratory insufficiency and death were 3 (1-10) and 10 (3-18) days, respectively. Only 1 out of every 12 patients who developed moderate to severe respiratory insufficiency recovered. Upon univariate analysis, the following factors were associated with higher mortality: age ≥ 70 years (P = .01) and D-dimer ≥900 mcg/L (P = .04). With respect to indirect effects during the COVID-19 pandemic, and when compared with the prior 3 months of activity, inpatient mortality (excluding patients with COVID-19 included in the study) increased by 56%. This was associated with a more frequent use of vasoactive drugs (+300%) and advanced respiratory support (+133%) in the hematology ward. In the outpatient setting, there was a reduction in initial visits (-55%) and chemotherapy sessions (-19%). A significant increase in phone visits was reported (+581%).

Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic is associated with elevated mortality in hematological patients. Negative indirect effects are also evident within this setting.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; hematology; leukemia; lymphoma; telemedicine.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use*
  • COVID-19 / complications*
  • COVID-19 / transmission
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Hematologic Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Hematologic Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Hematologic Neoplasms / mortality*
  • Hematologic Neoplasms / virology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification*
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Survival Rate
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Antiviral Agents