Effects of various preservation solutions were compared in an experimental hypothermic preservation model using cultured rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes prepared by the collagenase perfusion method were cultured for 48 hr, then the medium in each culture dish was exchanged for various preservation solutions, and the dishes were hypothermically (0-2 degrees C) stored in a refrigerator for 12-72 hr. After the preservation period, the hepatocytes were cultured again at 37 degrees C for 2 hr. Hepatocytes' viability after 18-hr preservation and reculture was greater when they were preserved in "intracellular" rather than "extracellular" solutions. Even with Euro-Collins solution (intracellular solution), hepatocyte viability decreased to approximately 20% after 24-hr preservation, and an increase in the cellular lipid peroxide content was observed. However, when this solution contained a submillimolar concentration of calcium, lipid peroxidation was significantly suppressed and hepatocyte viability was dramatically improved. Vitamin E was almost equally effective and a marked synergistic effect was observed with calcium. Calcium was found to be capable of maintaining the cellular glutathione level during cold storage, which seems to suppress lipid peroxidation and consequently improve hepatocyte survival.