Do β-Blockers Cause Depression?: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychiatric Adverse Events During β-Blocker Therapy

Hypertension. 2021 May 5;77(5):1539-1548. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16590. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Thomas G Riemer^{1

2

3}, Linda E Villagomez Fuentes^{1

2}, Engi A E Algharably^{1

2}, Marie S Schäfer^{1

2}, Eva Mangelsen^{1

2}, Marc-Alexander Fürtig^{1

2}, Nadine Bittner⁴, Annalena Bär^{1

2}, Laila Zaidi Touis^{1

2}, Kristian Wachtell⁵, Tomislav Majic^{1

3}, Martin J Dinges⁴, Reinhold Kreutz^{1

2

6}

¹ From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (T.G.R., L.E.V.F., E.A.E.A., M.S.S., E.M., M.-A.F., A.B., L.Z.T., T.M., R.K.).
² Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (T.G.R., L.E.V.F., E.A.E.A., M.S.S., E.M., M.-A.F., A.B., L.Z.T., R.K.), Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.
³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G.R., T.M.), Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.
⁴ Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbH, Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Berlin, Germany (N.B., M.J.D.).
⁵ Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (K.W.).
⁶ DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany (R.K.).

Abstract

[Figure: see text].

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; depression; heart failure; morbidity; mortality.