Comprehensive Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of First-Line β-Blocker Monotherapy in Hypertensive Patients: A Large-Scale Multicenter Observational Study

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea (S.C.Y., R.W.P.).
• ² Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (S.C.Y.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• ³ Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.M.K.).
• ⁴ Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT (H.M.K.).
• ⁵ Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health (M.A.S., M.J.S.).
• ⁶ Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (M.A.S.).
• ⁷ Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ (M.J.S., P.B.R.).
• ⁸ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (G.H., R.C., S.S., P.B.R.).
• ⁹ Medical Informatics Services, New York-Presbyterian Hospital (G.H.).
• ¹⁰ Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (R.C.).
• ¹¹ Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY (S.S.).
• ¹² Georgia Tech Research Institute, Georgia Tech College of Computing, Atlanta (J.D.).
• ¹³ Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide (N.P.).
• ¹⁴ Real World Solutions, IQVIA, Cambridge, MA (C.G.R.).
• ¹⁵ Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY (D.M.).
• ¹⁶ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea (R.W.P.).
• ¹⁷ Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Integrated Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases (S.P.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• ¹⁸ Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.P.).