Abstract
A novel series of N-1 arylidene amino imidazole-2-thiones were synthesized, identified using IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectral data. Cytotoxic effect of the prepared compounds was carried out utilizing three cancer cell lines; MCF-7 breast cancer, HepG2 liver cancer, and HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines. Imidazole derivative 5 was the most potent of all against three cell lines. DNA flow cytometric analysis showed that, imidazoles 4d and 5 exhibit pre-G1 apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. The results of the VEGFR-2 and B-Raf kinase inhibition assay revealed that compounds 4d and 5 displayed good inhibitory activity compared with reference drug erlotinib.
Keywords:
Annexin V; VEGFR-2; apoptosis; cell cycle analysis; cytotoxicity; imidazole; synthesis.
MeSH terms
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry*
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
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Apoptosis / drug effects
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Cell Survival / drug effects
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Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
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Erlotinib Hydrochloride / pharmacology
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G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / drug effects
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HCT116 Cells
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Hep G2 Cells
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Humans
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Imidazoles / chemical synthesis
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Imidazoles / chemistry*
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Imidazoles / pharmacology*
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In Vitro Techniques
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MCF-7 Cells
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Molecular Docking Simulation
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / antagonists & inhibitors
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Structure-Activity Relationship
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Thiones / chemical synthesis
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Thiones / chemistry
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Thiones / pharmacology
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / chemistry
Substances
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Imidazoles
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Thiones
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Erlotinib Hydrochloride
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KDR protein, human
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
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BRAF protein, human
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf