Liposome-based measurement of light-driven chloride transport kinetics of halorhodopsin

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
• ² Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
• ³ Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
• ⁵ MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Physics and Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
• ⁸ Center of Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
• ⁹ Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
• ¹⁰ MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
• ¹¹ School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
• ¹² Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
• ¹³ Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].