Objective: To analyze the characteristics of modifiable risk factors, coronary artery lesions, reperfusion and drug treatment in young women hospitalized for first acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Clinical data of young adults of 18 to 44 years hospitalized for first ACS in Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2007 and December 2017 were analyzed. A total of 7 106 young adults with ACS were enrolled, 6 593(92.8%) were male and 513(7.2%) were female. There were 2 254(31.7%) patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 704(9.9%) patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 4 148(58.4%) patients with unstable angina (UA). Clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, coronary angiography and medical treatment were recorded. The gender differences in the characteristics of modifiable risk factors and coronary artery stenosis in young patients with ACS were also analyzed. Results: Dyslipidemia (87.5%) followed by overweight/obese(83.8%) and smoking (68.5%) were most prevalent modifiable risk factors in men. Dyslipidemia (63.4%), overweight/obese (63.4%) and hypertension (45.5%) were most prevalent modifiable risk factors in women. The prevalence rates of at least 1 risk factor in men and women patients were 99.1% and 87.9%, respectively. Between 2007 and 2017, the rates of hypertension and overweight/obese in men increased, and the rates of dyslipidemia and smoking decreased (trend P<0.01). The changes of incidence of modifiable risk factors through the years in women were not statistically significant. The rate of men receiving coronary angiography was higher than that in women (96.6% vs 93.4%, P<0.01). Women were more likely to suffer left main coronary artery disease than men (7.3% vs 4.1%, P<0.01). Multi-vessel coronary artery disease occurred more in men (43.4%), and single vessel coronary artery disease occurred more in women (47.0%). Women presented with STEMI had a lower probability of receiving clopidogrel/ticagrelor (76.8% vs 86.1%, P<0.01) and angiotensin Ⅰ-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotonin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) (46.5% vs 60.2%, P<0.01) than that in men. Women presented with UA had a lower probability of receiving aspirin (86.3% vs 89.9%), clopidogrel/ticagrelor (69.7% vs 75.6%), statin (78.8% vs 85.0%) and ACEI/ARB (32.7% vs 38.6%) than men (all P<0.01). Women had a higher probability of presenting Killip II-IV than men (38.6% vs 25.6%, P<0.05). Conclusion: The majority of young patients with ACS were men. The prevalence rates of modifiable risk factors are very high in both man and woman. Compared with man, women with AMI are more likely to develop acute heart failure with lower probability of reperfusion and drug treatment.
目的： 分析青年女性初发急性冠脉综合征（ACS）住院患者可改变危险因素、冠脉病变、再灌注及药物治疗的特征。 方法： 入选2007年1月至2017年12月北京安贞医院首次诊断为ACS的18~44岁住院患者。7 106例患者纳入分析，男6 593例（92.8%），女513例（7.2%）。ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）2 254例（31.7%）、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI） 704例（9.9%）和不稳定性心绞痛（UA）4 148例（58.4%）。收集患者基本特征、实验室检查、冠脉造影及冠脉病变等数据，与男性进行对比，分析女性ACS危险因素和冠脉病变等疾病特点。 结果： 可改变危险因素男性以血脂异常（87.5%）、超重/肥胖（83.8%）和吸烟（68.5%）最普遍，女性以血脂异常（63.4%）、超重/肥胖（63.4%）和高血压（45.5%）最普遍。男性与女性患者中≥1个危险因素的比率分别为99.1%和87.9%。2007至2017年，男性高血压、糖尿病和超重/肥胖患病率呈上升的趋势（趋势P<0.01），血脂异常患病率和吸烟率呈降低的趋势（趋势P<0.01）。女性危险因素变化趋势无统计学意义。男性冠脉造影检查比例高于女性（96.6%比93.4%，P<0.01），女性左主干（LM）病变高于男性（7.3%比4.1%，P<0.01），男性多支病变（43.4%）多见，女性单支病变（47.0%）多见。青年初发STEMI患者中，女性氯吡格雷/替格瑞洛和血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂（ACEI/ARB）的使用率均低于男性（76.8%比86.1%和46.5%比60.2%，均P<0.01）。青年初发UA患者中，阿司匹林、氯吡格雷/替格瑞洛、他汀和ACEI/ARB的使用率均低于男性（均P<0.05）。女性急性心肌梗死患者KillipⅡ级及以上比例高于男性（38.6%比25.6%，P<0.05）。 结论： 青年ACS患者绝大多数为男性。无论男性还是女性，可改变危险因素的患病率很高。女性急性心肌梗死患者更容易出现急性心力衰竭，再灌注及药物治疗率普遍低于男性。.