1 Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China.
2 Beihang University State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beijing 100191, China.
3 Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
4 Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
5 Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
6 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
7 Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
8 Institute of International Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China.
9 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201321, China.
10 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201321, China.
11 Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
12 National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
13 Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
14 Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
15 Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
16 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
17 Department of Unit III & Ostomy Service, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
18 Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
19 Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
20 Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China.
21 Colorectal Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
22 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
23 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing 100191, China.