T0901317, an Agonist of Liver X Receptors, Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats via Liver X Receptors/Interferon Regulatory Factor/P53 Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis/Dynamin-1-Like Protein Pathway

Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 May 28:2021:8849131. doi: 10.1155/2021/8849131. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Methods: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) models of Sprague-Dawley rats were established with perforation method. T0901317 was injected intraperitoneally 1-hour post-SAH. GSK2033, an inhibitor of LXRs, and interferon regulatory factor (IRF-1) CRISPR activation were injected intracerebroventricularly to evaluate potential signaling pathway. The severity of SAH, neurobehavior test in both short- and long-term and apoptosis was measured with Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.

Results: Expression of LXR-α and IRF-1 increased and peaked at 24 h post-SAH, while LXR-β remained unaffected in SAH+vehicle group compared with Sham group. Post-SAH T0901317 treatment attenuated neuronal impairments in both short- and long-term and decreased neuronal apoptosis, the expression of IRF-1, P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), dynamin-1-like protein (Drp1), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3, and increasing B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) at 24 h from modeling. GSK2033 inhibited LXRs and reversed T0901317's neuroprotective effects. IRF-1 CRISPR activation upregulated the expression of IRF-1 and abolished the treatment effects of T0901317.

Conclusion: T0901317 attenuated neuronal apoptosis via LXRs/IRF-1/PUMA/Drp1 pathway in SAH rats.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis
  • Brain Injuries / genetics*
  • Dynamin I / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / pharmacology
  • Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / therapeutic use*
  • Liver X Receptors / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Signal Transduction
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / drug therapy*
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / genetics*
  • Sulfonamides / pharmacology
  • Sulfonamides / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated
  • Liver X Receptors
  • Sulfonamides
  • T0901317
  • Dynamin I