Genetic Aspects and Immune Responses in Covid-19: Important Organ Involvement

Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie; Arash Salmaninejad; Robert Bergquist; Samaneh Mollazadeh; Benyamin Hoseini; Amirhossein Sahebkar

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_1

Genetic Aspects and Immune Responses in Covid-19: Important Organ Involvement

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021:1327:3-22. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_1.

Authors

Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie¹, Arash Salmaninejad^{1

2}, Robert Bergquist³, Samaneh Mollazadeh⁴, Benyamin Hoseini^{5

6}, Amirhossein Sahebkar^{7

8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
² Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
³ Formerly UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁴ Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
⁵ Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁶ Department of Health Information Technology, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
⁷ Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. [email protected].
⁸ Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. [email protected].
⁹ School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. [email protected].

PMID: 34279825
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_1

Abstract

In the last two decades, the world has experienced outbreaks of three major coronaviruses with high morbidity and mortality rates. The most recent of these started in the form of an unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and now the world is facing a serious pandemic. This new disease has been called COVID-19 and is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Understanding the specific genetic and phenotypic structure of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis is vital in finding appropriate drugs and vaccines. With this in mind, this review sheds light on the virology, genetics, immune-responses, and mechanism of action of this virus.

Keywords: 2019-nCoV; Covid-19; Genetics; Immune-responses; Respiratory; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

COVID-19*
China
Humans
Immunity
Pneumonia, Viral*
SARS-CoV-2