1 Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan. [email protected].
2 Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W8-13, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
3 The Ocean Policy Research Institute, The Sasakawa Peace Foundation, 1-15-16 Toranomon, Tokyo, Minato, 105-8524, Japan.
4 Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
5 Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan.
6 Palau International Coral Reef Center, 1 M-Dock Road, PO Box 7086, Koror, 96940, Republic of Palau.