Prenatal diagnosis of Baraitser - Winter syndrome using exome sequencing: Clinical report and review of literature

Eur J Med Genet. 2021 Nov;64(11):104318. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104318. Epub 2021 Aug 24.

Abstract

Baraitser - Winter Cerebrofrontofacial Syndrome (BWCFF) is a rare disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism and mental retardation of varying grades. The clinical phenotype of BWCFF indicates variable phenotypic expression involving various congenital malformations such as cardiac, renal and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Nevertheless, the prenatal presentation of BWCFF is rarely described, making prenatal diagnosis challenging. This report describes a prenatal diagnosis of BWCFF syndrome to date; a case of a fetus with intrauterine growth restriction, increased nuchal fold, bilateral hydronerphosis, rocker bottom foot and clubfoot detected on Anomaly Scan is outlined. Molecular karyotype failed to detect any abnormality. Assessment with Next Generation Sequencing was then performed, revealing a heterozygous de novo mutation in ACTB gene setting the diagnosis of BWCFF.

Keywords: ACTB gene; Baraitser; Next generation sequencing; Prenatal diagnosis; Winter syndrome; de novo mutation.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Abnormalities, Multiple / diagnostic imaging*
  • Abnormalities, Multiple / genetics
  • Abnormalities, Multiple / pathology
  • Actins / genetics
  • Adult
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / diagnostic imaging*
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / genetics
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities / pathology
  • Exome Sequencing
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Pregnancy
  • Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

Substances

  • Actins

Supplementary concepts

  • Cerebrofrontofacial Syndrome